Identidades em Santa Catarina - A negação do outro e a celebração da especificidade

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir processos de construção de identidades no Estado de Santa Catarina, no Brasil. Apresenta e discute alguns marcos históricos, em um esforço de cronologia que busca aprofundar a compreensão dos modos pelos quais o campo da cultura é utilizado no estado, muitas vezes, em uma estratégia de segregação, não só com o objetivo de definir quem faz parte mas também, muito especialmente, quem deve ser excluído. Propõe-se, ao mesmo tempo, avançar na discussão de alguns conceitos que permeiam o debate, tendo como horizonte um esforço de superação das desigualdades e de valorização da diversidade de origens das populações catarinenses

Awareness and Practice of Standard Precaution for Infection Control among Student Nurses

Infection control is a critical concern in any health care setting among healthcare providerswhich include student nurses. The dearth of literature and studies among student nursesprompted the conduct of this study. This study sought to determine the awareness andpractice of standard precaution (handwashing, safe handling of needles and other sharpdevices, and disposal of contaminated materials) for infection control among student nurses.It also determined the relationship between awareness and practice on standard precaution forinfection control, the difference in the practice of standard precaution for infection controlwhen gender and year level were considered, and the predictors of practice of standardprecaution for infection control. Data were collected from 121nursing students comprising of2nd, 3rd and 4th years. Participants were obtained through purposive sampling, from one ofthe universities in the Philippines. Results showed that the awareness of the respondents wasvery high, practice of standard precautions for infection control in terms of handwashing andproper handling and disposal of contaminated materials were excellent, with very goodpractice in terms of safe handling of needles and other sharp devices. There was statisticallysignificant relationship between awareness and practice on standard precaution in terms ofproper handling and disposal of contaminated materials, wherein those with high awarenessare more likely to have a better practice. However, there was no significant relationshipbetween awareness and the practice of standard precautions for infection control in terms ofhandwashing and safe handling of needles and other sharp devices. Year level and gender didnot make any significant difference in the practice of standard precaution for infection control.However, year level and gender were significant predictors of practice of standard precautionfor infection control in terms of safe handling of needles and other sharp devices, whereinstudents in higher level tend to have a better practice. Awareness was a significant predictorof practice of standard precaution for infection control in terms of proper handling anddisposal of contaminated materials, wherein the higher the awareness the better is the practice.Standard precaution for infection control concept and proper practice should be introduced tothe students as early as their first year in the nursing program

Anthropometric evaluation and micronutrients intake in patients submitted to laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with a postoperative period of ≥1 year

Backgroung - Bariatric surgery is indicated as the most effective treatment for morbid obesity; the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is considered the procedure of choice. However, nutritional deficiency may occur in the postoperative period as a result of reduced gastric capacity and change in nutrients absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. The prescription of vitamin and mineral supplementation is a common practice after RYGB; however, it may not be sufficient to prevent micronutrient deficiencies. The aim of this study was to quantify the micronutrient intake in patients undergoing RYGB and verify if the intake of supplementation would be enough to prevent nutritional deficiencies. Methods - The study was conducted on 60 patients submitted to RYGB. Anthropometric, analytical, and nutritional intake data were assessed preoperatively and 1 and 2 years postoperatively. The dietary intake was assessed using 24-h food recall; the values of micronutrients evaluated (vitamin B12, folic acid, iron, and calcium) were compared to the dietary reference intakes (DRI). Results - There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between excess weight loss at the first and second year (69.9 ± 15.3 vs 9.6 ± 62.9 %). In the first and second year after surgery, 93.3 and 94.1 % of the patients, respectively, took the supplements as prescribed. Micronutrient deficiencies were detected in the three evaluation periods. At the first year, there was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of B12, folic acid, and iron intake. Conclusions - Despite taking vitamin and mineral supplementation, micronutrient deficiencies are common after RYGB. In the second year after surgery, micronutrient intake remains below the DRI

A Demonstration of New Techniques for Low-Cost Small House Construction

This study was undertaken as a field proof or demonstration of those construction techniques, design features, and structural details which have been proven through research to materially-reduce the cost or increase the quality of small house construction. As part of the study, a program was written, and a low-cost house, of approximately 1,000 sq ft of floor area (30' x 34') was designed. Variations in the placing of the house on the lot for different orientations were studied, and a site plan was made for a small development showing how these variations could be used by a builder to produce an interesting street scene.Housing and Home Finance Agenc

Neuroanatomical pattern classification in a population-based sample of first-episode schizophrenia

AbstractRecent neuroanatomical pattern classification studies have attempted to individually classify cases with psychotic disorders using morphometric MRI data in an automated fashion. However, this approach has not been tested in population-based samples, in which variable patterns of comorbidity and disease course are typically found. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy (DA) of the above technique to discriminate between incident cases of first-episode schizophrenia identified in a circumscribed geographical region over a limited period of time, in comparison with next-door healthy controls. Sixty-two cases of first-episode schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder and 62 age, gender and educationally-matched controls underwent 1.5T MRI scanning at baseline, and were naturalistically followed-up over 1year. T1-weighted images were used to train a high-dimensional multivariate classifier, and to generate both spatial maps of the discriminative morphological patterns between groups and ROC curves. The spatial map discriminating first-episode schizophrenia patients from healthy controls revealed a complex pattern of regional volumetric abnormalities in the former group, affecting fronto-temporal-occipital gray and white matter regions bilaterally, including the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, as well as the third and lateral ventricles. However, an overall modest DA (73.4%) was observed for the individual discrimination between first-episode schizophrenia patients and controls, and the classifier failed to predict 1-year prognosis (remitting versus non-remitting course) of first-episode schizophrenia (DA=58.3%). In conclusion, using a “real world” sample recruited with epidemiological methods, the application of a neuroanatomical pattern classifier afforded only modest DA to classify first-episode schizophrenia subjects and next-door healthy controls, and poor discriminative power to predict the 1-year prognosis of first-episode schizophrenia

Comparison of the human immune responses to recombinant proteins representing three distinct surface proteins of Plasmodium vivax merozoites

Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e ParasitologiaUniversidade Federal do Pará Departamento de PatologiaCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Parasitic DiseasesInstituto Evandro ChagasUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Departamento de ParasitologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Microbiologia, Imunologia e ParasitologiaSciEL

Cidade saudável: relato de experiência na coleta e disseminação de informação sobre determinantes de saúde

The meaning of "health" in a "Healthy City" project, implies measurements using different techniques, quantitative and qualitative. The understanding of "health" needs information regarding perception and will of citizens and objective quantifiable indicators. This article describes an experience of measuring health determinants yearly, and to disseminate these data through local media with the objective of building a "Healthy City" in Calgary, Canada. In this experience, secondary and primary data were used. Primary data were collected using a questionnaire built by health professionals and validated by community members through focus groups. This project appeared in 1994 and the first national similar initiative happened in 1996 with a survey repeated every two years. The municipal initiative remains until today bringing together community leaders, health professionals, university and government. As part of a team of university professors that want to apply a similar model in a city in Santa Catarina state, the authors are committed to spread this model in Brazil.Para entender o que é a saúde de uma cidade é necessário utilizar uma grande variedade de técnicas, que vão desde a construção de indicadores de saúde de caráter "objetivo" e quantificáveis até a aplicação de instrumentos de abordagem qualitativa, que permitam conhecer de forma mais aprofundada e contextualizada as percepções e os desejos dos cidadãos da cidade. Este artigo tem o objetivo de descrever a experiência de mensuração contínua de determinantes de saúde, como estratégia para adquirir e disseminar informações para que a cidade de Calgary (Canadá) se tornasse um Município Saudável. Nesta cidade, alguns indicadores foram obtidos a partir de dados secundários. Para os indicadores com dados primários, foram elaboradas questões por sugestão de profissionais do sistema de saúde, validadas em grupos focais formados por pessoas da comunidade. Esse processo teve início em 1994 e o primeiro grande inquérito de determinantes de saúde em nível federal no Canadá foi realizado em 1996, e, desde então, repete-se a cada dois anos. A iniciativa municipal até hoje procura aproximar líderes comunitários, profissionais de serviços, universidade e governantes. Como integrantes de uma equipe de professores universitários que estuda a possibilidade de aplicação de um modelo semelhante em um município de Santa Catarina, e com base nas Políticas Públicas do Brasil voltadas à Promoção da Saúde, os autores têm a perspectiva de participar de iniciativas que divulguem informações acerca do modelo de construção de indicadores desenvolvido naquela experiência

Mortality due to violence: application of exploratory analysis techniques on data from an urban area of southeastern Brazil, 1979-1987

An exploratory analysis of gross death rates due to external reasons was carried out in the area of the "Baixada Fluminense", and in the Rio de Janeiro city, covering the 1979 -1987 period. The main goal was to verify mortality trends in the area and period of time specified, in an attempt to investigate a premiss according to wich violence rates have been increasing. Results obtained have show that death rates presented tendency to a non-linear increase throughout this period. A decrease was observed from 1979 to 1983, followed by an increase, since 1984, on to a higher level.Realizou-se análise exploratória das taxas brutas de mortalidade por causas externas, nos municípios da Baixada Fluminense e no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, no período de 1979 a 1987. Objetivou-se verificar a tendência da mortalidade na área e período especificados para investigar a premissa de que a violência vem crescendo. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as taxas de mortalidade apresentaram tendência de crescimento não linear ao longo de todo o período. Observou-se decréscimo de 1979 a 1983, seguido de crescimento a partir de 1984 quando as taxas atingem patamares mais elevados